Advanced Hydraulics & System Integrity
For Connecticut Distribution Class I, II, and III operators (RCSA 25-32-11), exam coverage moves from basic system components toward hydraulic analysis, water-loss accounting, and integrity management across larger, more complex systems.
Hydraulics & Pressure Management
Understand how elevation, pipe friction loss (Hazen-Williams), and demand affect system pressure at different points in a distribution network. Be able to calculate static vs. residual pressure, identify causes of low-pressure complaints (undersized mains, closed valves, high demand), and explain how storage tanks buffer peak demand while maintaining minimum working pressures (Connecticut systems typically target a minimum of 20 psi at all points under normal operating conditions, consistent with standard AWWA/state practice).
Advanced Distribution Math
Master water-lo